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Alan Brian Carter (born 1952, Lincolnshire, England) is Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow. == Life and work == Carter earned a BA at the University of Kent at Canterbury, a MA at the University of Sussex and a DPhil at St Cross College at the University of Oxford. Carter's first academic position was Lecturer in Political Theory at University College Dublin. He then became Head of the Philosophy Department at Heythrop College, University of London. Subsequently, he was Professor of Philosophy and Environmental Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of British Columbia and at the University of Bucharest. For a number of years Carter was joint editor of the ''Journal of Applied Philosophy''. He works principally in political philosophy, moral philosophy, and environmental philosophy. Carter has published on a wide range of topics: within political philosophy he has written on political obligation, equality, and property rights; within environmental philosophy he has written on the moral status of both nonhuman animals and ecosystems; within applied ethics he has written on problems regarding future persons and world hunger; within political theory he has written on theories of the state and Third World underdevelopment; and within anarchism and Marxism Carter has written on their respective theories of history. He is currently developing an environmentalist moral theory that is, normatively, value pluralist and, metaethically, projectivist,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Some of Carter's work in environmental philosophy is discussed critically by Robin Attfield.〔See for example Attfield, R., ''Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty-First Century''. Polity-Blackwell (2003).〕 Carter's state-primacy theory has been discussed by Robyn Eckersley〔Eckersley, R. ''The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty''. MIT Press (2004).〕 and criticized by John Barry.〔Barry, J. ''Rethinking Green Politics: Nature, Virtue and Progress''. Sage (1999)〕 and, most fully, by Simon Hailwood.〔Hailwood, S. ''How to be a Green Liberal: Nature, Value and Liberal Philosophy''. Acumen (2004).〕 Carter has responded by arguing that his critics fail to take sufficiently into account the problems the military causes in modern societies: "it is telling how little attention green liberal critics of the state-primacy theory have paid to the role of the military and to its highly distorting effects. Failing to examine in any detail military requirements within ostensibly ‘liberal democracies’, whether existing or imagined, is more like simply ignoring an argument rather than answering it."〔Carter, A. "Beyond primacy: Marxism, anarchism and radical green political theory," ''Environmental Politics'' 19, 6 (2010): 951-972, here at 971n.〕 Carter was one of the founder members of the London-based Anarchist Research Group.〔Goodway, D. (ed.), ''For Anarchism: History, Theory, and Practice''. Routledge (1989).〕 Colin Ward has described Carter, with Murray Bookchin, as one of the leading eco-anarchist thinkers.〔Ward, C. ''Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction''. Oxford University Press (2004).〕 Outside of academia, Carter is a former Chair of the World Development Movement Scotland and a former Board Member of Friends of the Earth Scotland. He is also a former Board Member and a former Trustee of Friends of the Earth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alan Carter (philosopher)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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